The Awareness Of Cognitive Enhancers - 1644 Words

Awareness of Cognitive Enhancers The season is finally here, many college students are making their way into the library and cramming information left and right for finals in hopes of not failing. With scholarly grades, comes hours of study sessions and hard work which results in an tremendous amount of stress put on an individual. As a result, many students resort to a different route and illegally acquire cognitive enhancements drugs in hopes of balancing their education and personal life. My first experience with these â€Å"Smart Drugs† was during finals week in my senior year of highschool, I was given several adderall pills from a close scholar friend and he briefly explained how these pills would aid me greatly during this stressful time. The first pill I took, I felt a great euphoric feeling within minutes and I knew this wouldn’t be the last time I would take this. Education in today’s society can be perceived as a competition between students as employers are searching to recruit the t op students out of college. Therefore, students will do anything at any cause to be categorized as the top of their class. With all this in mind, it becomes apparent that college students find the need to use cognitive enhancing drugs to gain an edge among their education due to the superior benefits gained through the use of it. The use of Cognitive enhancing drugs has been all around college campuses for many years. The only difference from back thenShow MoreRelatedEnhancing Drugs And Its Impact On Academic Integrity Statements At Colleges881 Words   |  4 Pageshelp an individual retain information faster. If the student is already working to his or her fullest potential stimulants like Adderall will not affect them. A regular user of Adderall who does not have ADHD, Alex said, â€Å"It only works as a cognitive enhancer insofar as you are dedicated to accomplishing the task at hand† (Talbot). Alex goes on to explain that id he was not dedicated to writing a paper after consuming Adderall he would instead focus on another task like cleaning his room (Talbot)Read MoreCognitive Psychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Psychology Smith (2001) defines psychology as the study of the mind. One major subset within the broad study of psychology is popularly known as cognitive psychology. According to Aukrust (2011), cognitive psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the study of mental processes which includes how people or individuals think, perceive, learn and remember. As a part of the larger cognitive science field, this psychology branch is by means related to other disciplines such as neuroscienceRead MoreSex Addiction : An Addiction1340 Words   |  6 Pagespatient limits his or her sexual escapades to a desirable and acceptable amount that doesn’t interfere with normal everyday functioning. Today, cognitive treatments have been utilized for this type of addiction. As indicated by Giugliano (2009), these types of treatments incorporate education and spiritual development; support groups and group therapy; cognitive behavioral techniques; i.e. anger management, relapse rehearsal, identifying triggers for behaviors, coping strategies and self-statements;Read MoreCritically evaluate Pinkers claim that music is auditory cheesecake1748 Words   |  7 Pagespinpointed that â€Å"Brocas area† is responsible for cognitive hierarchal functions(Koelsch, 2011, p.7). Hierarchal functions govern behaviour that are produced via structural rules. Quite possibly, Gestalts principles (Proximity, Similarity, Closure and Continuation) could be the framework for Hierarchal structure since all features are a fitting template for visual perception. Still, for â€Å"musical wholes† it is more selective(Tan, 2010, p.7). Nonetheless, all cognitive functions attempt to achieve a me aningfulRead More Adolescent Eating Disorders Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesNor-epinephrine is the appetite stimulant. In the advanced cases of anorexics, they have no desire to swallow anything for fear of becoming obese. It has been hypothesized that pharmacists might be able to create an inhibitor for the vasopressin or possibly an enhancer for the nor-epinephrine to assist in individuals who are trying to improve their current state. What are some solutions to dealing with eating disorders in adolescents? A few which have been hypothesized already are: education in early childhoodRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Using Drug Stimulants In Children1778 Words   |  8 Pagestreatments include Neurofeedback (NF) and Mindful Awareness Practices (MAP). NF teaches patients self-control by using an electroencephalogram (EEG) while MAP improves affect and attention (Bueno et al., 2015; Gevensleben et al., 2014). Another reason why many resist the use of drug stimulants in the treatment of ADHD is its risk for abuse and addiction. The rampant use of drug stimulants among university students with the intent of improving their cognitive performance during examinations has put thisRead MoreCivic and Citizenship Education in Malaysia2711 Words   |  11 Pagesprimary and secondary school Form One, was made the core subjects for all pupils and this subject will continue to be taught until Form Five. (CRITERIA) CIVIC AND CITIZENSHIP CURRICULUM IN MALAYSIA Civic and Citizenship Education goal is to bring awareness to students about the roles, rights and responsibilities in society and the country to produce members of society and citizens of a united, patriotic and can contribute to the betterment of the community, the nation and the world (Ministry of EducationRead MoreCelebrity Culture And Influence On Drug Use1951 Words   |  8 Pagesbecause she is in the public eye it seems as if she refuses any help and the public allowed her to continue Zurita 5 with her poor drug habits. It was not until her death that the Amy Foundation emerged to tackle substance abuse. This has brought awareness to teens struggle through the same issues Winehouse did. In short, Winehouse at her third promotional level does have some suggestive commentary in her album. However, at the time her drug usage were seemed more as way to gain publicity than a wayRead MoreSubstance Abuse : A Growing Problem For College Students3354 Words   |  14 PagesCollege students abuse drugs for a variety of reasons. Some students are naturally curious about drugs and choose to experiment with them. Others are reacting to peer-pressure. Studies showed that some college students use drugs as performance enhancers (NIH, 2014). There are other students that are self-medicating because they lack certain life skills to help them cope with the pressures of college life (NIH, 2014). Drug abuse is widespread because it does not discriminate. It crosses all nationalRead MoreRegulation of Adderall: An Addictive Smart Drug1975 Words   |  8 Pageseffects and take it legally or illegally to get a competitive advantage over the others. Adderall is an alluring way of coping up with the increasing workload of school especially for a student who wants to get the most out of college. It is a cognitive enhancer that is believed to improve attention control, increase concentration, enhance one’s memory and increase productivity. But, the increase in productivity comes at a price most of the users are not aware of. It not only affects the body during

General Information Essay - 2156 Words

ACC 476/726 – Auditing Discussion Case Questions Fall 2004 General Information The audit discussion cases are real-world examples of problems that auditors face in practice. Each individual case is brief, and every member of the class should read the case prior to class and come prepared to participate in class discussion. Instead of the questions in the casebook, we will discuss specific issues related to the topic currently being discussed in class. The questions can usually be answered using your own opinions and the case information. The issues to be discussed for the cases follow. Berkshire Hathaway – Tuesday, September 7, 2004 Background: The case captures the dynamics of auditor-client relations. The SEC has†¦show more content†¦How could she have handled the situation? 4. Do you think Vaughn should have handled the situation differently? Explain. 5. Do you believe the firms response to the situation was appropriate? Explain. Are there other ways that the situation could have been successfully resolved? 6. Was it appropriate for the firm to promise Walker a good recommendation? Oak Industries – Thursday, September 16, 2004 Tuesday, September 21, 2004 Background: Auditors have historically been more concerned with overstatements than understatements of earnings. However, recent SEC rulings suggest that auditors need to also be concerned about understatements of earnings, particularly when they are used to manipulate earnings in future periods. Actors: Oak Industries CEO, CFO, and controller (Group 4 – Trine Juliussen, Sang Uk Jung, Laura Platler) 1. Some people would argue that creating â€Å"rainy day† funds is just conservative accounting. Why should investors and the SEC care about understatements of earnings? 2. Why did Oak Industries intentionally understate earnings? What other factors might motivate firms to understate their earnings? 3. Auditors have generally been more concerned about overstatements of earnings than understatements. Auditors have also normally only been concerned when those overstatements exceeded certain materiality limits, such as 5% of net income. Has this responsibility increased toShow MoreRelatedImportance Of It General Controls For Information Security1986 Words   |  8 Pages The importance of IT General Controls for Information Security Edlira Martiri1, Enkeleda Ibrahimi2 1University of Tirana, Albania / Gjà ¸vik University, Norway 2PwC Albania edlira.martiri@unitir.edu.al, enkeleda.ibrahimi@al.pwc.com Abstract In the days when the most important asset for a company is its information, knowing how to se-cure it is an important achievement. But hackers and competitors are not the only enemies a company should take into consideration. Now more damage is done from theRead MoreGeneral Information On The Fitness Industry Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesBSBMKG408 Conduct market research Part A: Conduct and report on initial research General information on the fitness industry and fitness industry trends, including the sources you have used to find this information. Fitness industry general information: - The fitness industry is an industry which any person, business or organisations who focuses on exercise, health, and overall maintenance of the body participate in. - Fitness industry includes both profit and non-profit organisations whose aimsRead MoreGeneral Information About The Test1617 Words   |  7 PagesI. General information about the test The purpose of this paper is to review an article published by Reeika Irs that focuses on education assessment involving performance management and appraisal as well as pay for performance in the Estonian education sector. The title of the article is â€Å"Pay-for-performance in Estonian general educational schools: the situation for further development.† This title is clear and appropriate. The article was written and received on September 07, 2009, revised on NovemberRead MoreGeneral Technical Information : The Bridge1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Technical Information: The bridge will be an 8-lane bridge with 2 lanes committed for buses, with a total length of 5.6Km.The Sea Link will enable quick go between Bandra and Worli, cutting travel times from 60–75 minutes to around 7 minutes. The extension was committed to the public on 30 June 2009, although just 4 of 8 lanes were opened. All the 8 lanes were opened on 24 March 2010. Manpower Behind the bridge: A total of 2850 workers and 150 engineers were employed over a span of eightRead MoreGeneral Information / History : Starbucks1062 Words   |  5 PagesGeneral Information/History Starbucks Corporation is a specialty coffee retailer, roaster and marketer internationally. Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker established the first stand-alone Starbucks coffeehouse was opened in Seattle, Washington in 1971. In 1987, the original founders sold the company to the present CEO Howard Schultz for $7 million (â€Å"Starbucks Corporation†). Currently having 22,519 retail stores worldwide, Starbucks has developed into the largest coffeehouse company globallyRead MoreGeneral Background Information : Tyson Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Background Information: Tyson has been referred to CDT from Jo Hall, SLT Ministry of Education (MoE) for speech delay, poor coordination, shyness and poor self care skills. Te Rina, Tyson’s mother consented for a developmental assessment to be completed at Kreative Kids Kindergarten since he attends full time and she was pregnant at the time. Tyson regularly attends Kreative Kids Kindergarten 5 days a week. He is under the Special Education team, key worker is Alison Jones (Early InterventionRead MoreGeneral Information On Down Syndrome Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesmost commonly caused by extra copies of chromosome 21. It occurs randomly during cell division in fetal development. This paper will discuss general information on Down syndrome, which will include the discovery of syndrome, the types and causes, the risk factors. Furthermore, this paper will also discuss the sign and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. General background Down syndrome is a genetic disorder occurs in every individual regardless of gender, ethnicity and race. A British physician JohnRead MoreGeneral Information On The Fitness Industry1651 Words   |  7 Pagesct market research Part A: Conduct and report on initial research General information on the fitness industry and fitness industry trends, including the sources you have used to find this information. Fitness industry general information: Businesses in most industries, observed that operates health clubs, fitness centers and fitness and a range of fitness and exercise services. Conversely, the recognition and the introduction of education on the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Will avoid theRead MoreGeneral Information On The Fitness Industry2243 Words   |  9 PagesBSBMKG408B Conduct market research Part A: Conduct and report on initial research General information on the fitness industry and fitness industry trends, including the sources you have used to find this information. Fitness industry general information: It is concerned with the fitness side of business Equipment, space and training are the main focus areas that are done in exchange for a membership fees Gyms are distinguished through the size of the gym or training specialties that are developedRead MoreGeneral Dynamics Information Technology ( Gdit )1580 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral Dynamics, a Fortune 100 company has been serving the U.S. government for more than 50 years. As information technology (IT) has transformed the way the U.S. military fights and wins wars and so too has General Dynamics by becoming one of top five market leaders in U.S. to provide mission critical information systems and technologies. (General Dynamics History) General Dynamics Information Technology (GDIT) has become the largest and fastest growing segment in General Dynamics. GDIT provides

Established For The Assessment Of Physical â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Established For The Assessment Of Physical? Answer: Introduction: Different established theories are useful for the evaluation of growth and development of children. These theories are established for the assessment of physical, cognitive and social development of children. Different milestones in the development of children can be studied by using these theories. Physical development has prominent role in the cognitive and social development of children. Peers, parents and community members can play significant role in the development of children. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children experiences four stages of mental development. This theory states that, children acquire knowledge as well understands nature of the intelligence. Three-year-old children like Jack, are considered as preoperational stage. Children start thinking in symbolical manner and acquire knowledge of using words and pictures which can be used to represent objects. These children pretend to be egocentric and try to look at the things from others perspective. Once these children feel improvement in their language, they tend to be more tangible in their thinking. In this preoperational stage, there would be emergence of language and thinking in children of Jack age. Even though, children seem pretending at this age, they are very concrete about the things around them. There would not be much development of logic and understanding of others. These children never remain constant with particular aspect. These children start learning and memorising. These childrens world is mostly self-centred. These children develop social interaction skills by playing and collaborating with children of the same age (Semmar and Al-Thani, 2015). There is development of increase in attention span, reading ability and performing routine tasks. There is possibility of development of negative aspects in these children like lying, reverting to elders and bullying. These children start frequently asking questions, can count upto 10, can draw specific pictures, can dress and undress doll and can talk about the particular incidence. Most of the time, these children pronounce correctly. These children have large vocabulary which they use to speak and sing. These children can modify their speech to communicate with the younger children. It would be difficult for these children to understand idea of constancy. This can be illustrated by example of lump of clay. Children prefer to choose flat pancake piece of clay instead of compact ball of cl ay, even though both are of exactly same size. Children prefer flat piece because it looks larger. These children can apply reversible mental thinking. This can be illustrated by the example of red pillow. In this experiment large, red pillow should be hidden in large room and miniature red pillow in the miniature replica of room. Children should be shown with the miniature red pillow. Children can locate exact location of the large red pillow. Children of this age develop magical thinking. Children start expecting gifts through telephone, while they are talking to parents over the telephone (Loureno, 2016). According to Eriksons social development theory, children of three years age like Jack, feel autonomy or shame. Well parented children of this age, are sure of themselves, feel elated and proud of themselves. Children of this age develop significant relationship with the parents and family members. These children develop will and purpose. These children start judging the things and able to decide whether thing is okay or not to them. These children get trained for toileting and clothing themselves from their parents. These children observe their peers and start using tools from them and making arts. These children get control over motor abilities and start exploring surroundings and people around them. Though parents provide them with security, children try to break security and explore their will. These children constantly learn from their parents and parents encouragement help these children to develop short-term autonomy. Parents should make sure that children are not exploring th e things which are dangerous to their health. These children develop interests in plants and animals. Development of courage and independence from the parents would be helpful in developing social connect for children of Jacks age. These children start taking initiative to achieve goals and take leadership role among their peers. Goal achieving behaviour may develop into the negative attitude in the children which include aggressiveness, ruthlessness and over assertiveness to parents. These children also develop overenthusiastic attitude which might interfere with parents plans. These children try to copy parents and other adults. These children try playing with toy phones and miniature cars (Gilleard and Higgs, 2016). Muscle control, balance and coordination in the preschool children like Jack would be helpful in learning skills like managing and taking control of their own bodies. Based on their physical strength, these children learn what their bodies can do and cant do. Coordination and balance would be helpful in the development of cognitive skills like buttoning or using sliverware. Physical and motor strength would be helpful in the development of cognitive skills like holding pencil and writing, brushing teeth and hair. Physical development can also be helpful in proper functioning of the brain. It can be exemplified by the example of kicking the ball. Physical strength of the leg is necessary for kicking the ball. At the same time, visual and auditory function of the brain should be optimum to kick the ball either hard or soft (Chaddock-Heyman et al., 2014; Carson et al., 2016). Parents should engage themselves in proper cognitive development of the children by making meaningful interactions which would be helpful in the creating connections with the environment and understanding the way in which things are happening. Parents should also teach children how, things should be done, how to behave with others and how to handle others emotions. All these activities would be helpful in improving existing skills and developing new skills. For proper social and cognitive development of children, parents should work with full potential of the children. Also, parents should be respectful and sensitive to the children. These children exhibit social involvement by reacting to others emotions. Even though, these children dont understand anything, they start crying when others cry and start laughing when others laugh. These children start linking these expressions, initially to feelings and then to words. Parents can influence cognitive development of children through fam ily-level environmental pathway and genetic pathway. Psychological aspects of the parent and stress level also have implication in the social and cognitive development of the children. Warm, accepting and helpful nature of the parents can improve social and cognitive development of children. Neglectful parents keep children away, hence it would affect development of children. Authoritarian and permissive parenting styles are associated with the less development of the children (Fraser et al., 2013; Byford et al., 2012). There may be less social interaction in case of Jack. It is evident from his inability to speak. Children of his age, usually learn to speak by talking to other peers and parents. Even though other children are talking, Jack is not speaking fluently because he is not socially involved with other children. Less social interaction of Jack is also evident from his inability of toileting. Parents make aware children about toileting. This can be achieved by social interaction of the children with their parents. Behavioural genetic research should be carried out in children to completely understand cognitive and social development. To achieve, social and cognitive development in the children, parents behaviour should be of parents characteristics and not child characteristic. In conclusion, development of children of Jack age, should be studied with respect to established theories which corresponds to their age. Physical development of this age group children should be correlated with the cognitive development. Parents and peers can play significant role in the social and cognitive development of the children. References: Byford, M., Kuh, D., and Richards, M. (2012). Parenting practices and intergenerational associations in cognitive ability. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(1), 263-72. Hunter, S., Kuzik, N., Wiebe, S.A., Spence, J.C. (2016). Systematic review of physical activity and cognitive development in early childhood. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(7), 573-8. Chaddock-Heyman, L., Hillman, C.H., Cohen, N.J., and Kramer, A.F. (2014). The importance of physical activity and aerobic fitness for cognitive control and memory in children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 79(4), 25-50. Fraser, A., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Tilling, K., Boyd, A., Golding, J., et al. (2013). Cohort Profile: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort. International Journal of Epidemiology, 42(1), 97-110. Gilleard, C., and Higgs, P. (2016). Connecting Life Span Development with the Sociology of the Life Course: A New Direction. Sociology, 50(2), 301315. Loureno, O. M. (2016). Developmental stages, Piagetian stages in particular: A critical review. New Ideas in Psychology, 40, 123-137. Semmar, Y., and Al-Thani, T. (2015). Piagetian and Vygotskian Approaches to Cognitive Development in the Kindergarten Classroom. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 5(2), 1 6.

Machiavelli Essays (2514 words) - Fidel Castro, Cuban Revolution

Machiavelli When you speak of Fidel Castro, what do you speak of? The Cuban Leader is not your everyday leader. To fully understand Fidel Castro you must have a firm foundation with which to work from. I will explore the political ideology of Fidel Castro by explaining what is in an ideology, Fidel Castro's background, and his political position both before the Cuban revolution and presently. An ideology is a number of action-oriented, materialistic, popular, and simplistic political theories that were originally developed as an accommodation to the social and economic conditions created by the Industrial Revolution (Baradat 13). The action can be broken into a five-part definition for idealistic purposes. To begin, the term ideology can be used in many contexts, but unless otherwise specified it is proper to give it a political meaning. All ideologies provide an interpretation of the present and a view of the desired future. This desirable future is thought to be attainable in a single lifetime. Each ideology includes a list of specific steps that can be taken to accomplish its goals. Ideologies are oriented towards the masses, and finally, ideologies are simply stated and presented in motivational terms. In speaking of Fidel Castro and his ideologies I will apply these five definitional segments. Many theorists believe Cuban Leader Fidel Castro was directed in his political thought from an early age. He was born on May 13, 1927, on his families sugar plantation in the town of Mayari, Cuba. As a boy, Castro worked on the family plantation, and at age 6 was able to persuade his parents to send him to school. He attended two Jesuit institutions, eventually entering a Jesuit preparatory school; a member of the Roman Catholic Society of Jesus founded by Saint Ignatius Loyola in 1534 and devoted to missionary and educational work. Both through his first hand look at the oppression of individuals and the importance of education help to shape Fidel Castro, and differentiate what was right and wrong. Three years later, in 1945 Castro attended the University of Havana Faculty of Law. That same year he was so fed up with the oppressed working class that he unionized the workers of his father's plantation to fight for a voice in exercising their rights. After graduation from Law School in 1950 be began practicing in Havana with two partners. As a lawyer he devoted himself to helping the poor. Although very active in politics throughout his college career, it was in 1952 that Castro first attempted to run for national politics. Just as Castro intended to campaign for a parliamentary seat, General Fuligenico Batista overthrew the government of President Carlos Prio Socarras in a coup and cancelled the election. Trying to oppose the military dictatorship through peaceful means and failing led Castro to head an armed attack of 165 men, calling themselves the 26th of July Revolutionary Movement. Failing completely through his violent attack, Castro and his brother Raul were taken prisoner until May 1955. After much recruiting, on New Year's Day in 1959 he succeeded in overthrowing the dictatorship of Batista. It was one week later that the United States officially recognized Castro's new government. It was shortly after this time in 1961, and now in power, that Fidel Castro announced to the world that he was a Marxist ?Leninist and would remain so until the last day of his life. The question that arises when you first hear this is what is a Marxist-Leninist ideology and does Fidel Castro qualify to call himself such a thinker. Many theorists argue that Fidel Castro isn't attached to any particular ideology. His only goal is survival and power. Strong evidence pointing to this fact is that Fidel Castro survived the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union. In the case of Castro, however, if you dig enough in search for an underlying ideology, you will find that his thought and action is closer to that of a Marxist- Leninist than to any other ideology. It is for certain that he was a young revolutionist in his preliminary political life. Remember it was he who led the country of Cuba into a revolution against the political power, President Batista, in 1959, believing that change would only happen if he burnt down the political system and rebuilt on its ashes. After the rebellion was over the entire population had to be radicalized, attitudes changed, traditions destroyed, the popular support maintained and deepened, viable organizations and institutions created, and social justice distributed. Fidel Castro in 1967, "The most difficult task was not exactly

animal testing speech essays

animal testing speech essays "Humans are the only hunters who kill when not hungry." This quote by Steven Spielberg refers to the millions of animals that are killed every year due to unecessary testing. How many of you here have animals at home? I myself have several dogs at home that I love dearly. Occasionaly, one of them will get sick and the vet will give me a liquid medicine to give them. Now, my dogs will not drink this voluntarily so the vet gives me a little syringe to put in the corner of my dogs mouth to make them swallow it. I feel bad enough forcing my dogs to take something that will help them. I can't imagine trying to force something down their throat to hurt them., which is what scientists do to thousands of animals every day. Today, Im here to convice you that testing on animals for the purpose of humans is wrong, unnecessary and also inaccurate. What I want to talk about over the next couple of minutes is, first, how inacurrate it is. Second, why it is wrong and unnecessary, and, third why it must change. They question on many peoples minds- should animal testing be legal? Yes or no? Lets start with the facts. "I think animal testing is a terrible idea; they get all nervous and give the wrong answers." This is a quote by an unknown author refering to the inaccuracy of animal testing. So why do companys and industrys spend thousands of dollars a year on these tests?, that is something i would like to know. Rodents are almost always the animals used in cancer research, however, rats are only 37% effective in determining the cause of cancer in humans. You could flip a coin and be more accurate. Also, less than 2% of human illnesses are ever seen in animals. 95% of drugs passed by animal tests are immediatly discarded as useless or dangerous to humans and 90% of animal test resul...

Five Myths About Multiracial People in the U.S.

Five Myths About Multiracial People in the U.S. When Barack Obama set his sights on the presidency, newspapers suddenly began devoting a lot more ink to the multiracial identity. Media outlets from Time Magazine and the New York Times to the British-based Guardian and BBC News pondered the significance of Obama’s mixed heritage. His mother was a white Kansan and his father a black Kenyan. Mixed-race people continue to make news headlines, thanks to the U.S. Census Bureau’s finding that the country’s multiracial population is exploding. But just because mixed-race people are in the spotlight doesn’t mean that the myths about them have vanished. What are the most common misconceptions about multiracial identity? This list both names and dispels them. Multiracial People Are Novelties What’s the fastest-growing group of young people? According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the answer is multiracial youths. Today, the United States includes more than 4.2 million children identified as multiracial. That’s a jump of nearly 50 percent since the 2000 census. And among the total U.S. population, the number of people identifying as multiracial spiked by 32 percent, or 9 million. In the face of such groundbreaking statistics, it’s easy to conclude that multiracial people are a new phenomenon now rapidly growing in rank. The truth is, however, that multiracial people have been a part of the country’s fabric for centuries. Consider anthropologist Audrey Smedley’s finding that the first child of mixed Afro-European ancestry was born in the U.S. eons ago- way back in 1620. There’s also the fact that historical figures from Crispus Attucks to Jean Baptiste Pointe DuSable to Frederick Douglass were all mixed-race. A major reason why it appears that the multiracial population has soared is that for years and years, Americans weren’t allowed to identify as more than one race on federal documents such as the census. Specifically, any American with a fraction of African ancestry was deemed black due to the â€Å"one-drop rule.† This rule proved particularly beneficial to slave owners, who routinely fathered children with slave women. Their mixed-race offspring would be considered black, not white, which served to increase the highly profitable slave population. The year 2000 marked the first time in ages that multiracial individuals could identify as such on the census. By that point in time, though, much of the multiracial population had grown accustomed to identifying as just one race. So, it’s uncertain if the number of multiracials is actually soaring or if ten years after they were first permitted to identify as mixed-race, Americans are finally acknowledging their diverse ancestry. Only Brainwashed Multiracials Identify as Black A year after President Obama identified himself as solely black on the 2010 census, he’s still garnering criticism. Most recently, Los Angeles Times columnist Gregory Rodriguez wrote that when Obama marked only black on the census form, â€Å"he missed an opportunity to articulate a more nuanced racial vision for the increasingly diverse country he heads.† Rodriguez added that historically Americans haven’t publicly acknowledged their multiracial heritage due to social pressures, taboos against miscegenation and the one-drop rule. But there’s no evidence that Obama identified as he did on the census for any of those reasons. In his memoir, Dreams From My Father, Obama remarks that the mixed people he’s encountered who insist on the multiracial label concern him because they often seem to make a concerted effort to distance themselves from other blacks. Other mixed-race people such as the author Danzy Senna or the artist Adrian Piper say that they choose to identify as black because of their political ideologies, which include standing in solidarity with the largely oppressed African-American community. Piper writes in her essay â€Å"Passing for White, Passing for Black†: â€Å"What joins me to other blacks†¦is not a set of shared physical characteristics, for there is none that all blacks share. Rather, it is the shared experience of being visually or cognitively identified as black by a white racist society, and the punitive and damaging effects of that identification.† People Who Identify as â€Å"Mixed† Are Sellouts Before Tiger Woods became a tabloid fixture, thanks to a string of infidelities with a slew of blondes, the most controversy he sparked involved his racial identity. In 1997, during an appearance on â€Å"The Oprah Winfrey Show,† Woods declared that he did not view himself as black but as â€Å"Cablinasian.† The term Woods coined to describe himself stands for each of the ethnic groups that make up his racial heritage- Caucasian, black, Indian (as in Native American) and Asian. After Woods made this declaration, members of the black community were livid. Colin Powell, for one, weighed in on the controversy by remarking, â€Å"In America, which I love from the depths of my heart and soul, when you look like me, you’re black.† After his â€Å"Cablinasian† remark, Woods was largely seen as a race-traitor, or at the very least, someone aiming to distance himself from blackness. The fact that none of Woods’ long line of mistresses was a woman of color only added to this perception. But many who identify as mixed-race don’t do so to reject their heritage. On the contrary, Laura Wood, a biracial student at the University of Maryland told the New York Times: â€Å"I think it’s really important to acknowledge who you are and everything that makes you that. If someone tries to call me black, I say, ‘yes - and white.’ People have the right not to acknowledge everything, but don’t do it because society tells you that you can’t.† Mixed People Are Raceless In the popular discourse, multiracial people are oft characterized as if they’re raceless. For example, the headlines of news articles about President Obama’s mixed-race heritage often ask, â€Å"Is Obama Biracial or Black?† It’s as if some people believe that the different racial groups in one’s heritage cancel each other out like positive and negative figures in a math equation. The question shouldnt be whether Obamas black or biracial. He’s both- black and white. Explained the black-Jewish writer Rebecca Walker: â€Å"Of course Obama is black. And he’s not black, too. He’s white, and he’s not white, too. ... He’s a lot of things, and neither of them necessarily exclude the other.† Race-Mixing Will End Racism Some people are positively thrilled that the number of mixed-race Americans appears to be soaring. These individuals even have the idealistic notion that race-mixing will lead to bigotry’s end. But these people ignore the obvious: ethnic groups in the U.S. have been mixing for centuries, yet racism hasn’t vanished. Racism even remains a factor in a country such as Brazil, where a wide swath of the population identifies as mixed-race. There, discrimination based on skin color, hair texture, and facial features is endemic- with the most European-looking Brazilians emerging as the country’s most privileged. This goes to show that miscegenation isn’t the cure for racism. Instead, racism will only be remedied when an ideological shift occurs in which people aren’t valued based on what they look like but on what they have to offer as human beings.

Waste water in UAE Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Waste water in UAE - Personal Statement Example t decades, rapid economic development and an exponentially expanding population have compelled the government to rely on non-conventional water resources. Some of the sources include desalination (Madwar & Tarazi, 2013) or treated wastewater as optional sources of water for irrigation purposes (MoHUD, 2014). The treated wastewater is widely applied as marginal water suitable for the cultivating of forages, in landscaping, in fruit farms among other uses (Alhumoud, et al, 2010). In the UAE, the yearly production of treated wastewater is averagely 450 million cubic meters, approximately 8% of the nation’s water capacity (Issa, et al, 2012). However, only approximately 60% percent of the treated wastewater is reused in the required areas. The low efficiency stems from the low capacity of the of the country’s distributing system following water treatment (Hamad, et al, 2013: Al-katheeri, 2008). Further, the reuse of treated wastewater presents several forms of risks that ex tend to the environment, health economic and strategic (Radan, 2010). The disturbing fact, however, is the challenges encountered in measuring the risks. The proposal presents an assessment of different options for the reuse of the treated wastewater and maps out the risks faced in the various phases. It further creates a basis for coming to terms with the continuation of the work plan that can establish financial functions that represent various risks. Through the synthesis of existing literature, the report seeks to establish the bet course of action for salvaging the situation. Hamad, A., Ahmed, A., & Douboni, M. (2013). Cost-effective wastewater treatment and recycling in mini-plants using mass integration. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 4(4), 246-256. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-002-0166-7 Worku, G. B. (2013). Demand for improved public transport services in the UAE: A contingent valuation study in Dubai. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(10),